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Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Microalgae Using Microwave: Kinetic of Transesterification Reaction Using CaO Catalyst

Received: 23 July 2018     Accepted: 7 August 2018     Published: 4 September 2018
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Abstract

Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel made from renewable sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats, is becoming prominent among alternatives to conventional petro-diesel due to economic, environmental and social factors. Transesterification is the most preferred method of biodiesel production. Knowledge of transesterification reaction kinetic enables prediction of the extent of the chemical reaction at any time under particular conditions. It is also essential in the design of reactors for biodiesel production in industrial scale, determination of kinetic model and optimization of operation conditions. In this study, a mathematical model for the microwave assisted trans-esterification reaction of microalgae and methanol has been developed to study the effect of the operating parameters on the process kinetics. A well-mixed microwave reactor was used to express the laboratory scale microwave reactor at stirring speed 500 rpm. Mass transfer controlled state was assumed to be minimal using the stirring condition. The model developed was based on experimental data described in a previous study. The experimental works were designed to study the effect of reaction time between 1-5 min; power of microwave of 100-400 W, and an amount of CaO catalyst of 1 and 3%. The use of a solid catalyst effectively reduces the purification cost of biodiesel due to ease of separation and potential for reuse. The molar ratio of microalgae oil and methanol was constant at the ratio of 1: 6. The validation of model indicated that the reaction have second order reaction in terms of triglycerides. A very good correlation between model and experiment data was observed by correlation coefficient (R2) and least square curve fit. In addition, the experiment shows that the best conditions for reaction time were 5 min, power of microwave was 400 W and amount of CaO catalyst was 3%. The maximum yield of biodiesel in the best conditions was 93.23%.

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13
Page(s) 54-59
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Microalgae, Biodiesel, Microwave Transesterification, Kinetics Model

References
[1] Almagrbi, A. M., Hatami, T., Glisic, S. B. and Orlovic, A. (2014). Determination of Kinetic Parameters for Complex Transesterification Reaction by Standard Optimisation Methods. Hemijska Industrija, 68(2), 149-159.
[2] Amin, A., AboEl-Enin, S. S., El Diwani, G. and Hawash, S. (2015). Kinetic Model of Algal Biodiesel Production under Supercritical Methanolysis. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(1), 274-278.
[3] Cancela, A., Maceiras, R., Urrejola, S. and Sanchez, A. (2012). Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Macroalgae. Energies. 5, 862-871.
[4] Orifici, L. I., Bhal, C. D., Gely, M. C., Bandoni, A. and Pagano, A. M. (2013). Modeling and Simulation of the Biodiesel Production in a Pilot Continuous Reactor. Mecanica Computational, 31, 1451-1461.
[5] Patil, P, Gude, V. G., Pinappu, S and Deng, S. (2011). Transesterification Kinetics of Camelina sativa oil on metal oxide catalysts under conventional and microwave heating conditions. Chemical Engineering Journal. 168, 1296-1300.
[6] Urrejola, S., Maceiras, R., Perez, L., Cancela, A. and Sanchez, A. (2012). Analysis of Macroalgae Oil Transesterification for Biodiesel Production. Chemical Engineering Transactions. 29, 1153-1158.
[7] Koberg, M., Cohen, M., Amotz, A. B. and Gedanken, A. (2010). Bio- diesel Production Directly from the Microalgae Biomass of Nannochloropsis by Microwave and Ultrasound Radiation. Bioresource Technology. 102(5), 4265-4269.
[8] Farag, H. A., El-Maghraby, A. and Taha, N. A. (2013). Kinetic Study of Vegetable Oil for Esterification and Transesterification Process of Biodiesel Production. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. 3, 1-8.
[9] Demirbas, A. (2011). Biodiesel from Oilgae, Biofixation of Carbon Dioxide by Microalgae: A Solution to Pollution Problems. Applied Energy, 88(10), 3541-3547.
[10] Chisti, Y. (2007). Biodiesel from Microalgae. Biotechnology Advances. 25(3), 294-306.
[11] Siva, S. and Marimuthu, C. (2014). Production of Biodiesel by Transesterification of Algae Oil with an Assistance of Nano-CaO Catalyst derived from Egg Shell. International Journal of ChemTech Research. Vol. 7, No. 4, 2112-2116.
[12] Tran, N. H., Bartlett, J. R., Kannangara, G. S. K., Milev, A. S., Volk, H and Wilson, M. A., (2010). Catalytic Upgrading of Biorefinery Oil from Micro-algae. Fuel, 89, 265-274.
[13] Hindarso, H., Aylianawati, A. and Sianto, M. E., (2015). Biodiesel Production From the Microalgae Nannochloropsis by Microwave Using CaO and MgO Catalysts. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 4(1), 72-76.
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  • APA Style

    Herman Hindarso. (2018). Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Microalgae Using Microwave: Kinetic of Transesterification Reaction Using CaO Catalyst. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 6(4), 54-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13

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    ACS Style

    Herman Hindarso. Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Microalgae Using Microwave: Kinetic of Transesterification Reaction Using CaO Catalyst. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6(4), 54-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13

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    AMA Style

    Herman Hindarso. Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Microalgae Using Microwave: Kinetic of Transesterification Reaction Using CaO Catalyst. Am J Chem Eng. 2018;6(4):54-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13,
      author = {Herman Hindarso},
      title = {Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Microalgae Using Microwave: Kinetic of Transesterification Reaction Using CaO Catalyst},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {6},
      number = {4},
      pages = {54-59},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20180604.13},
      abstract = {Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel made from renewable sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats, is becoming prominent among alternatives to conventional petro-diesel due to economic, environmental and social factors. Transesterification is the most preferred method of biodiesel production. Knowledge of transesterification reaction kinetic enables prediction of the extent of the chemical reaction at any time under particular conditions. It is also essential in the design of reactors for biodiesel production in industrial scale, determination of kinetic model and optimization of operation conditions. In this study, a mathematical model for the microwave assisted trans-esterification reaction of microalgae and methanol has been developed to study the effect of the operating parameters on the process kinetics. A well-mixed microwave reactor was used to express the laboratory scale microwave reactor at stirring speed 500 rpm. Mass transfer controlled state was assumed to be minimal using the stirring condition. The model developed was based on experimental data described in a previous study. The experimental works were designed to study the effect of reaction time between 1-5 min; power of microwave of 100-400 W, and an amount of CaO catalyst of 1 and 3%. The use of a solid catalyst effectively reduces the purification cost of biodiesel due to ease of separation and potential for reuse. The molar ratio of microalgae oil and methanol was constant at the ratio of 1: 6. The validation of model indicated that the reaction have second order reaction in terms of triglycerides. A very good correlation between model and experiment data was observed by correlation coefficient (R2) and least square curve fit. In addition, the experiment shows that the best conditions for reaction time were 5 min, power of microwave was 400 W and amount of CaO catalyst was 3%. The maximum yield of biodiesel in the best conditions was 93.23%.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Microalgae Using Microwave: Kinetic of Transesterification Reaction Using CaO Catalyst
    AU  - Herman Hindarso
    Y1  - 2018/09/04
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    SP  - 54
    EP  - 59
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8613
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20180604.13
    AB  - Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel made from renewable sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats, is becoming prominent among alternatives to conventional petro-diesel due to economic, environmental and social factors. Transesterification is the most preferred method of biodiesel production. Knowledge of transesterification reaction kinetic enables prediction of the extent of the chemical reaction at any time under particular conditions. It is also essential in the design of reactors for biodiesel production in industrial scale, determination of kinetic model and optimization of operation conditions. In this study, a mathematical model for the microwave assisted trans-esterification reaction of microalgae and methanol has been developed to study the effect of the operating parameters on the process kinetics. A well-mixed microwave reactor was used to express the laboratory scale microwave reactor at stirring speed 500 rpm. Mass transfer controlled state was assumed to be minimal using the stirring condition. The model developed was based on experimental data described in a previous study. The experimental works were designed to study the effect of reaction time between 1-5 min; power of microwave of 100-400 W, and an amount of CaO catalyst of 1 and 3%. The use of a solid catalyst effectively reduces the purification cost of biodiesel due to ease of separation and potential for reuse. The molar ratio of microalgae oil and methanol was constant at the ratio of 1: 6. The validation of model indicated that the reaction have second order reaction in terms of triglycerides. A very good correlation between model and experiment data was observed by correlation coefficient (R2) and least square curve fit. In addition, the experiment shows that the best conditions for reaction time were 5 min, power of microwave was 400 W and amount of CaO catalyst was 3%. The maximum yield of biodiesel in the best conditions was 93.23%.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia

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